Courts created by Congress rather than courts that are part of the Judicial branch of government created by Article III Constitution.

Formerly known as the Court of Military Appeals and from 1968 until 1994 as the United States Court of Military Appeals. An independent Article I Court, not an administrative agency, although it is located for administrative purposes only in the Department of Defense.

"The Court was created under Article I of the Constitution by the Veterans' Judicial Review Act (Pub.L. No. 100-687) on November 18, 1988. Originally named the United States Court of Veterans Appeals, its name was changed effective March 1, 1999, by the Veterans' Programs Enhancement Act of 1998 (Pub.L. No. 105-368). The Court's seven judges are appointed by the President, and confirmed by the Senate, for 15 year terms. The law that created the Court is in chapter 72 of title 38, United States Code. This federal court is not part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). It is not connected to the Board of Veterans' Appeals (BVA), which is an administrative body within VA. The Court can review final decisions of the BVA. Only the claimant may seek such review. Most cases deal with entitlement to disability or survivor benefits, or the amount of those benefits, but a few deal with education benefits, life insurance, home loan foreclosure, or waiver of indebtedness."

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