"The United States Congress established the African Development Foundation (ADF) in 1980 as an independent public corporation with a mandate to promote the participation of Africans in the economic and social development of their countries."

Also known as Freddie Mac.

"America's Partner for Equal Justice." One might ask, though, why does a government-created corporation, especially one focused on assisting poor people, need a marketing tag line?

"The National Mediation Board (NMB), established by the 1934 amendments to the Railway Labor Act of 1926, is an independent agency that performs a central role in facilitating harmonious labor-management relations within two of the nation's key transportation modes--the railroads and airlines."

"The Office of Government Ethics (OGE), a small agency within the executive branch, was established by the Ethics in Government Act of 1978. Originally part of the Office of Personnel Management, OGE became a separate agency on October 1, 1989 as part of the Office of Government Ethics Reauthorization Act of 1988. The Office of Government Ethics exercises leadership in the executive branch to prevent conflicts of interest on the part of Government employees, and to resolve those conflicts of interest that do occur. In partnership with executive branch agencies and departments, OGE fosters high ethical standards for employees and strengthens the public's confidence that the Government's business is conducted with impartiality and integrity."

Appointed in January, 2005 by President Bush, the advisory panel issued its final report on November 1, 2005.

In a transmittal letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, the panel wrote: "Our tax code is rewritten so often that it should be drafted in pencil. Each year, the tax code is adjusted to meet multiple policy goals[.] Since the 1986 tax reform bill passed, there have been nearly 15,000 changes to the tax code[.] In retrospect, it is clear that frequent changes to the tax code, no matter how well-intentioned, ultimately undermine the integrity of the code[.]

[W]hile it is relatively straightforward to point out flaws in a tax system and to express a desire for change, it is much more challenging to settle on a specific solution. ...

We unanimously recommend two options to reform the tax code .... the Simplified Income Tax Plan and ... the Growth and Investment Tax Plan. ...

Many stand waiting to defend their breaks, deductions, and loopholes, and to defeat our efforts. ... This report aims to give voice to the frustrated American taxpayer and to provdie a blueprint for lasting reform."

"The State Justice Institute (SJI) was established by Federal law in 1984 to award grants to improve the quality of justice in State courts, facilitate better coordination between State and Federal courts, and foster innovative, efficient solutions to common problems faced by all courts."

Includes the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and the National Research Council (NRC).

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